A test that uses sound waves that bounce off of an unborn baby, providing a visual “picture” of how the baby is developing.

The cord-like structure connecting the fetus to the placenta.

A metabolite of estradiol and usually the predominant estrogenic metabolite in urine. During pregnancy, large amounts of estriol are produced by the placenta.

Test of the urine for bacteria, protein, and glucose.

The muscular, pear-shaped organ of female reproduction that consists of the fundus, the body, and a narrow lower portion called the cervix.

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean. This refers to a vaginal delivery after previously having had a cesarean section.

The curved, very elastic canal from the cervix to the vulva. Also called the birth canal.

This is a pushing technique sometimes used during labor. Valsalva pushing is a steady pushing effort through each contraction.

The waxy, protective coating covering the skin of the fetus.

The top of the head.

The outer, visible portion of the female genitals.